In some industries, access to the industry and the access to the market is regulated.

In most cases, access to the industry is related to safety requirements and is granted as a certificate to the company, to nominated post holders and to certain personnel, i.e. pilots, drivers, etc.

Access to the market does at first require a valid certificate on the access to the industry (safety certificate). Secondly, it does in most cases require the fulfilment of certain provisions regarding i.e. ownership and control, professional capability and financial strength.

Within transport this is relevant in aviation, commercial road transport and postal services.

In aviation, the airline companies shall have a valid EU licence to gain access to fly between destinations within the EU. And the air navigation service providers need to be designated to perform their duties.

In commercial road transport the companies and the nominated post holders need to have a licence to operate within the EU, and in the taxi business they need a national licence to operate.

For postal services the companies need a national licence to operate.

Keld Ludvigsen have executive experience in this area from:

• Being responsible for years for the Danish national administration of licencing of airline companies, designation of ANS providers, licencing of commercial road transport operators and postal service companies to operate within the EU and in Denmark.